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[None of the following 24 items is dated even
by year (let alone day or month); hence the date assigned to them above is arbitrary.
Moreover, for none of them has it been possible to supply an editorial dating on the
basis of internal evidence. They have been placed here solely on the grounds that in
the Series A source they follow entries dated "1899," and specifically directly on
from an entry editorially datable to c.May 18, 1899. It is quite possible that some
of these entries were written in other years, notably 1900 and 1901 for which no
diary is known to exist.
The 24 items have been presented here in
strict manuscript order, and subdivided into four groups with editorial titles on the
basis of their content and of their layout in the source. One item not copied by
Jeanette Kornfeld (Schenker) but checkmarked by Heinrich Schenker for copying has
been included from Series B.]
Ser. A, {8}e cont'd
[NINE APHORISMS]
Das stolze Wort des Korans: „Es ist kein
Zweifel in diesem Buch,“ ‒ um wieviel unbedingter gilt es im Kunstwerk, als im Glauben!
[draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.
3]
* Alibi des Geistes . . . [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.
3]
*
Der Dichter
Napoleon beim Zerreissen eines
epischen Gedichtes von seinem Bruder: „Wenn in unserer Familie ein Dichter geboren
wurde, so bin ich es.“ Ob der Dichterling den Dichter verstanden? [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 3]
*
Ser. A, {8}f
Ultimatum der Noth. [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 3]
*
Bruckner: alle Gedanken in ‒ Isolierzellen.
1
[draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.
3]
*
Victor Hugo: Schon seine Bilder sind Abenteuer für sich . . . [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.
3]
* Am Gedankenfirmament . . . [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.
3]
* Auch das Gehirn auszufegen verlohnt von Zeit
zu Zeit. [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B,
p. 3]
* Gedankenklekse! [draft in Ser. B, p. 3: "Auch von Gedankenkleksen kann man
sprechen"]
*
[TWO ESSAYS ON DEATH AND DRAMA]
Ser. A, {11}a
Der Tod im Drama
Der
Zuhörer im Theater in der Regel stumpf, teilnahmslos. Unfähig Wege des Schicksals bei
dem Helden des Drama (ebensowenig wie bei sich selbst) zu verstehen, Tod ‒ mächtigstes
Organ des Schicksals gegenüber dem Menschen. Ihn, den Tod allein, empfindet der Mensch
als persönlichen Gegner, nur vor ihm empfindet er Angst. Daher der Tod allein die Macht
hat, ihn auch im Theater aus einer animalischen Teilnahmslosigkeit ‒ aufzurütteln!
Erst nur vom schrecklichen
Ereignis des Todes aufgerüttelt, sieht sich der Zuhörer veranlaßt, das Schicksal des
eben vom Tode betroffenen Dramenhelden auch nach rückwärts zu durchforschen; erst jetzt
am Ausgang des Dramas beginnt er zu
fragen: wer war er? hatte er wirklich Schuld? mußte er den grausamen Tod erleiden?
u.s.w.
Daher scheuen sich selbst die
größten Genies des Dramas nicht,
⇧ in ihren Dramen
⇧ zuweilen auch ganz unschuldige Personen im Drama um's Leben zu bringen. Ihre Grausamkeit in
diesem Punkte grasser u. fataler, als bei den ‒ Talenten. ⇧ Aber endlich auch die „Kreuzigung“ der Genies, wie sie so gerne die Welt körperlich
oder geistig an ihnen vollzieht, gehört weiter jene [illeg. word] Mittel, ohne welche seinen sonst keine Theilnehmer zuk
omämen! (Christus, [?Bonner], Huss,
etc.)
⇧ Das
Echo dem Ohre, was dem Auge der Spiegel . . . . *
Iphigenie
opfert ihre Liebe zum Achill den höheren Zwecken des Vaterlandes: muß sie ihn
entbehren, weil er in den Krieg zieht, so widmet
sie, im Grunde nur ihm allein ewig treu bleibend, ihre Dienste fortander Göttin Diana.
So ist die Opferung Iphigenies zu verstehen. Tut denn aber, frage ich, ein Mädchen, das
den Geliebten durch Unglück oder Tod verloren, heute etwas anderes, als daß es
⇧ z.B:
⇧ in ein Kloster geht oder Krankenpflegerin wird? *
[SEVEN APHORISMS]
Ser. A, {11}b
⇧ So manchem Mädchen fehlt es sogar am
letzten Glück, nämlich dem Glück ‒ einer unglücklichen Liebe. *
Dr. Felix v. Kraus, Kammersänger ‒
eine männliche „Norne“. In Haltung u. Tonfall dasselbe Schwarz, monotonstes
Schicksalsschwarz.
2
* Ein Lieblingswort der meisten Menschen: das
Bedürfnis nach „Ergänzung“ . . . Das Wort, welche Ironie im Munde gerade derjenigen, die
zum geforderten „Ganzen“ selbst nichts, durchaus nichts mehr als blos den Wunsch
beitragen können, die somit vom Anderen statt der zweiten Hälfte eben das „Ganze“ voll
verlangen! So sind denn aber die meisten Menschen, zumal Frauen beschaffen, ‒ mit
einiger Selbstbeschmeichlung fordern sie angeblich nur Ergänzung, im Grunde aber den
zweiten Menschen „ganz“. Auf Kosten Anderer, welch bequeme Denkungsart, welch billige
Lebensführung! — * Wenn ein Mensch darauf ausgeht, die Zeit
„totzuschlagen“, ‒ so schlage man doch lieber gleich den Menschen selbst tot, ‒ auf
diese Weise wird er dann des Zeitüberflusses wohl aufs gründlichste enthoben! * Patina des Greisenalters. ‒ Patina des
Ruhmes. * Der Schwache wird stark, sobald der Starke
schwach wird. * Leidenschaft zog die Sturmglocke im Körper . .
. *
[SIX ESSAYS ON IBSEN]
Ser. A, {11}c
Ibsen. Ibsen. Ibsen stellt auch auf der Bühne die Menschen genau
so räthselvoll hin, wie sie räthselvoll einander auch im Leben vorkommen. Er selbst
schaltet aus, u. tut gar nichts dazu, seine Idee, seine Personen zu erklären; vielmehr
nur die Syntese des Kunstwerkes spricht seine Tendenz aus. (Also
anders als die ältere Technik des Dramas.) Daher hat der Zuhörer auch vor den Menschen
in seinen Stücken genau die Mühe des Erratens, wie im
gewöhnlichem [recte
gewöhnlichen]
Leben, u. nur vortreffliche Menschenkenner, also wieder nur Dichter,
vermögen das Wesen jener klar zu sehen. Oft genug geht Ibsen in seiner Manier so weit,
gar sich selbst als unorientiert gegenüber den eigenen Gebilden zu zeigen. Er gesteht
sozusagen es selbst nicht zu wissen, ob z.B. in den „Gespenstern“
der Pastor mit einer Schuld beladen, ob in der „Nora“ die Heldin zurückkehren wird oder
nicht u. dgl. Kein Wunder daher, daß seinen Schöpfungen gegenüber so viel
Misverständnisse aufkommen. [draft in
Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 4, heavily self-edited]
*
Ibsen. Auf
so manches Menschen Seele ruht des Betruges Schicht so dünn, daß sie vom gewöhnlichen
Auge nicht einmal wahrgenommen wird. Insbesondere liebt es Ibsen so dünne
Betrugsschichten darzustellen. . . . . [draft
in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.5]
*
Ibsen.
Stellen die Dichter vor Ibsen, selbst die größten gleichsam die Minutenzeiger der
menschlichen Seele, so stellt Ibsen bereits den Sekundenzeiger vor. [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B,
p.5]
* Ibsens Gebundenheit in der
Form klassisch, ähnlich der Haltung einer
Fuge . . . Seine dramatische Grausamkeit u. Unerbittlichkeit
teilt er mit den größten Genies der dramatischen Kunst, wie mit dem Schicksal überhaupt!
[draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B,
p.5]
*
Ser. B, {5}
[in left
margin:]
⇧ √ ⇧ So rechtfertigen die
Tiefe der Betrachtung, wie der Ausführung, Ibsen’s
Werke auch vor der Poesie, mag der Stoff nun sein, wi
lle er will.
3
*
Ser. A, {11}f
⇧
Ibsen. Nicht gerne glaubt
der Mensch an den endlichen Sieg des „Guten“, da er doch überall vielmehr den Triumph
des „Bösen“ zu erleben behauptet. Wie sich aber in der Folge die Natur ‒ im einzelnen
Menschen oder innerhalb der Societät ‒ zum Guten selbst zurückcorrigie
rt
ren
wird u. muß, wobei unter „gut“ auch der Untergang des Bösen begriffen wird,
vermag der gewöhnliche Mensch nicht vorauszusehen, zumal hiezu oft Jahrzehnte u.
Jahrhunderte vonnöten. * Den notwendigen Zusammenbruch des Bösen
schildert am eindringlichsten Ibsen, in seiner Art der Erste in der Gesamtgeschichte der
Menschheit. Noch ist z.B. bei Shakespeare, Goethe,
Schiller etc. alle Bestrafung des
Ueblen, der Triumph des Guten nur eine Art decorativer Moral, enthaltend zwar die
divinatorische Voraussehung der spätesten Zukunft, leider aber das Publikum, das jene
Divination nicht besitzt u. nicht teilt, durchaus nicht überzeugend; eine condensirte u.
in kürzester Formel am Ende des Werkes extraktmäßig gebrachte Pointe der Zukunft, wird
dort, d.h. in ihrem Werk selbst leider nicht immer genügend vorbereitet; die Moral des
Guten erscheint dort daher oft nur als eine Art gedanklicher deus ex machina ‒ eine Phrase. * Anders wie gesagt, zum erstenmal anders in der
Geschichte der Literaturen bei Ibsen, der es unternimmt, zu zeigen, wie das Böse unter
allen Umständen doch endlich erliegen, endlich verschwinden muß, u.zw. trotz dem Schein
einer überlegenen Lebenskraft, die nur trügerisch, als nicht
lebensfähig. Erliegt aber das „Böse“ für alle Augen
erst sichtbar wie gesagt erst nach langem
Verlauf, mochte es die Welt mit falschem
Glanz wohl erobert u. irregeführt haben, ‒ so mußte Ibsen, um den Untergang
dramatisch-technisch zu bewältigen, den Beginn seiner Dramen durchaus nur eben an das
Ende des Untergangsprozesses selbst Ser. A, {11}g verlegen. Daher die Eigenart seiner Dramentechnik, die gerade das Stück
dort einsetzt, wo sonst andere Dramatiker damit aufhören: der scheinbare Triumph des
Bösen wird blos erzählend nachgeholt, wodurch Jahre u. Jahrzehnte erspart werden, u. nur
die Agonie des Bösen allein wird vor die Augen geführt. * Welch tiefe Moral! Welcher Glaube an das Gute!
an eine αναγκη im Guten! Welche Menschenliebe,
welche Wünsche für der Menschen Wohlfahrt! Fast zudringlich. * Ironie: gerade Ibsen aber nennt man einen
Menschenfeind, schilt ihn krank-realistisch, abstossend, einen Weiberfeind
u.s.w.!! *
© Transcription Ian Bent, 2017
|
[None of the following 24 items is dated even
by year (let alone day or month); hence the date assigned to them above is arbitrary.
Moreover, for none of them has it been possible to supply an editorial dating on the
basis of internal evidence. They have been placed here solely on the grounds that in
the Series A source they follow entries dated "1899," and specifically directly on
from an entry editorially datable to c.May 18, 1899. It is quite possible that some
of these entries were written in other years, notably 1900 and 1901 for which no
diary is known to exist.
The 24 items have been presented here in
strict manuscript order, and subdivided into four groups with editorial titles on the
basis of their content and of their layout in the source. One item not copied by
Jeanette Kornfeld (Schenker) but checkmarked by Heinrich Schenker for copying has
been included from Series B.]
Ser. A, {8}e cont'd
[NINE APHORISMS]
The proud statement in the Koran: "In this book no doubt
exists." ‒ How much more unconditionally is this true of the work of art than of belief!
[draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.
3]
* Alibi of the spirit ... [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 3]
*
The Poet
Napoleon, in tearing up an epic poem by
his brother: "If a poet was born in our family, then it was myself." Did the
would-be-poet understand the poet? [draft in
Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 3]
*
Ser. A, {8}f
Ultimatum of necessity. [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 3]
*
Bruckner:
all ideas in ‒ isolation cells.
1
[draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.
3]
*
Victor
Hugo: His pictures are already veritable adventures ... [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.
3]
* In the firmament of ideas ... [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 3]
* Even the brain needs to clear itself out from time to time.
[draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.
3]
* Thought-blots! [draft
in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 3: "One can speak even of
'thought-blots'."]
*
[TWO ESSAYS ON DEATH AND DRAMA]
Ser. A, {11}a
Death in Dramatic
Works
Theater audiences are as a rule passive and uninvolved,
incapable of understanding the vagaries of fate in the lives of the heroes of the drama
(just as little as in their own lives). Death ‒ the most powerful agent of fate in
regard to mankind. Death, and death alone, one thinks of as a personal foe; toward death
alone does one feel anger. Consequently, death alone has the power, even in the theater,
to shake people out of their animalistic lack of involvement.
Only once they are shaken by the fearful
experience of death do audiences see themselves compelled to explore retrospectively the
fate of the dramatic hero who has just encountered death. Now for the first time
at the conclusion of the play do they
begin to ask: Who was he? Was he really guilty? Did he have to suffer that cruel death?
etc.
Therefore even the greatest geniuses of drama do not shrink from occasionally killing off
⇧ in their dramatic
works
⇧ even characters that are entirely innocent. Their cruelty in
this matter is more shocking and more fatal than with ‒ mere talents. ⇧ However, ultimately the "crucifixion" of geniuses, as the world so
willingly inflicts it upon them, physically or mentally, is among those [note in
margin] illeg. word means without which his otherwise no participants would come forward (Christ, [?Bonner], Hus, etc.)
⇧ The echo is to the ear
what the mirror is to the eye ... . *
Iphigenia sacrifices her
love for Achilles to the higher goals of the fatherland; if she must forego him because
he is going to war, she dedicates her service henceforth, while in fact remaining
eternally faithful to him, to the goddess Diana. Thus is Iphigenia's sacrifice to be
understood. Does a girl today, then, ‒ I would ask ‒ who has lost her loved one through
misfortune or death do anything other than
⇧ for example
⇧ enter a nunnery or become a nurse? *
[SEVEN APHORISMS]
Ser. A, {11}b
⇧ So many a girl is deprived even of the
ultimate happines, namely the good fortune of an unhappy love. *
Dr. Felix von
Kraus, chamber singer ‒ a manly "Norn". Bearing and vocal quality alike
black ‒ the most monotone blackness of fate.
2
* A favorite word of most people: the necessity for "completion"
... This word, ‒ what an irony it is particularly in the mouths of those who have
themselves nothing to contribute, nothing whatsoever to contribute to the insisted-upon
"whole" other than the mere wish [for it],
and who consequently crave from others not just the second half but the complete
"whole"! But then that is how most people, especially women, are constituted: with much
self-conceit they insist upon what they call completion, but [which is] at heart the second human "whole." At the
expense of others, what comfortable convictions, what a tawdry way of conducting one's
life! — * If a person sets out with the aim of "killing" time, it would
really be better if one were striking the person himself dead. In this way, he will be
spared the overabundance of time in the most comprehensive way! * Patina of old age. ‒ Patina of fame. * The weak man will become strong as soon as the strong man
becomes weak. * Passion pulled the alarm bell within the body. ... *
[SIX ESSAYS ON IBSEN]
Ser. A, {11}c
Ibsen. Even on the stage, Ibsen presents people just as
cryptically as they present themselves to one another in real life. He himself remains
silent; and he does nothing at all to explain his idea, his characters. Rather, the only
thing that conveys his inclinations is the synthesis of his
artwork. (Hence [this is] something
different from the older dramatic technique.) Accordingly, the audience member, faced
with the characters in his plays, has to go to precisely the trouble of fathoming out as
he does in everyday life; and only excellent judges of human nature ‒ thus again writers
‒ are able to see clearly the true nature of those [characters]. Ibsen quite often assumes an air of himself being wholly
uninformed about his own creations. He confesses, so to speak, not to know whether, for
instance, in Ghosts, the pastor is laden with guilt or,
[in A Doll's
House], the heroine (Nora) will or will not return, and so
on. No wonder, then, that so many misunderstsandings arise regarding his creative works.
[draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 4,
heavily self-edited]
*
Ibsen. Over the minds of so
many people, the tissue of deception lies so thinly that it is never even noticed by
conventional eyes. In particular, Ibsen likes to present layers of deception that are so
thin ... . [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B,
p. 5]
*
Ibsen. If playwrights before
Ibsen ‒ even the greatest of them ‒ depict the minute-hand of the human soul, so to
speak, then Ibsen already depicts its second-hand. [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 5]
* Ibsen's adherence to form is classical,
rather like the procedure of a fugue. ... He has in common with the
greatest geniuses of dramatic art, indeed with Fate in general, his dramatic cruelty and
implacability! [draft in Heinrich's hand in
Ser. B, p. 5]
*
Ser. B, {5}
[in left
margin:]
⇧ √ ⇧ The depth of reflection
and the way in which it is achieved, vindicate Ibsen's works even over poetry, whatever
may be the subject that he chooses.
3
*
Ser. A, {11}f
⇧
Ibsen. Man does not
willingly believe in the ultimate victory of "good"; rather, he claims everywhere to
experience the triumph of "evil." But the ordinary person is incapable of foreseeing how
in the fullness of time, even if it often takes decades or centuries to happen, Nature ‒
in the individual or within society as a whole ‒ will and must correct herself for the
better, such that under "good" will also be understood the downfall of evil. * It is Ibsen who, in his own way, is the first in the entire
history of mankind to depict with full force the necessary collapse of evil. In for
example Shakespeare, Goethe, Schiller, etc., all punishment of evil and triumph of
good still only constitutes a form of decorative morality, involving moreover the
divinatory foreseeing of the far-distant future. But unfortunately this is thoroughly
unconvincing to the public, which neither possesses nor believes in that divination. A
condensed, quotation-like summary of the future, expressed in the shortest form of words
at the very end of the work, is present ‒ i.e. in their work ‒ sadly just never
adequately prepared; the moral of the good appears there, as a result, often only as a
sort of intellectual deus ex
machina ‒ mere words. * With Ibsen, as already said, things were different, different
for the first time in the history of literatures. It was he who undertook to show how
evil must under all circumstances ultimately be overcome, must ultimately be eliminated,
even despite the appearance of a superior life force, which is merely deceptive, as
not
capable of life. But if "evil" is overcome for all
eyes to see ‒ as has been said ‒ only after a long passage of time, it might well have
conquered and deceived the world with false
allure ‒ then Ibsen, in order to manage the downfall dramatically and technically, had
to defer the beginnings of his plays entirely to the late stages of that downfall.
Ser. A, {11}g Accordingly, that which is
unique to his dramatic technique is that he sets the play in motion precisely where in
other cases other playwrights end [theirs];
the seeming triumph of evil is simply narratively viewed in retrospect, by which means
years and decades are saved and only the agony of evil alone is brought before our
eyes. * What profound morality! What belief in good! in an
ananke
(moral necessity) in the good! What human love, what desire for human well-being! Almost
importunate. * The irony is: it is precisely Ibsen, however, whom people call
an enemy of mankind, portraying him as morbidly realistic, repulsive, misogynistic,
etc!! *
© Translation Ian Bent, 2017
|
[None of the following 24 items is dated even
by year (let alone day or month); hence the date assigned to them above is arbitrary.
Moreover, for none of them has it been possible to supply an editorial dating on the
basis of internal evidence. They have been placed here solely on the grounds that in
the Series A source they follow entries dated "1899," and specifically directly on
from an entry editorially datable to c.May 18, 1899. It is quite possible that some
of these entries were written in other years, notably 1900 and 1901 for which no
diary is known to exist.
The 24 items have been presented here in
strict manuscript order, and subdivided into four groups with editorial titles on the
basis of their content and of their layout in the source. One item not copied by
Jeanette Kornfeld (Schenker) but checkmarked by Heinrich Schenker for copying has
been included from Series B.]
Ser. A, {8}e cont'd
[NINE APHORISMS]
Das stolze Wort des Korans: „Es ist kein
Zweifel in diesem Buch,“ ‒ um wieviel unbedingter gilt es im Kunstwerk, als im Glauben!
[draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.
3]
* Alibi des Geistes . . . [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.
3]
*
Der Dichter
Napoleon beim Zerreissen eines
epischen Gedichtes von seinem Bruder: „Wenn in unserer Familie ein Dichter geboren
wurde, so bin ich es.“ Ob der Dichterling den Dichter verstanden? [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 3]
*
Ser. A, {8}f
Ultimatum der Noth. [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 3]
*
Bruckner: alle Gedanken in ‒ Isolierzellen.
1
[draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.
3]
*
Victor Hugo: Schon seine Bilder sind Abenteuer für sich . . . [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.
3]
* Am Gedankenfirmament . . . [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.
3]
* Auch das Gehirn auszufegen verlohnt von Zeit
zu Zeit. [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B,
p. 3]
* Gedankenklekse! [draft in Ser. B, p. 3: "Auch von Gedankenkleksen kann man
sprechen"]
*
[TWO ESSAYS ON DEATH AND DRAMA]
Ser. A, {11}a
Der Tod im Drama
Der
Zuhörer im Theater in der Regel stumpf, teilnahmslos. Unfähig Wege des Schicksals bei
dem Helden des Drama (ebensowenig wie bei sich selbst) zu verstehen, Tod ‒ mächtigstes
Organ des Schicksals gegenüber dem Menschen. Ihn, den Tod allein, empfindet der Mensch
als persönlichen Gegner, nur vor ihm empfindet er Angst. Daher der Tod allein die Macht
hat, ihn auch im Theater aus einer animalischen Teilnahmslosigkeit ‒ aufzurütteln!
Erst nur vom schrecklichen
Ereignis des Todes aufgerüttelt, sieht sich der Zuhörer veranlaßt, das Schicksal des
eben vom Tode betroffenen Dramenhelden auch nach rückwärts zu durchforschen; erst jetzt
am Ausgang des Dramas beginnt er zu
fragen: wer war er? hatte er wirklich Schuld? mußte er den grausamen Tod erleiden?
u.s.w.
Daher scheuen sich selbst die
größten Genies des Dramas nicht,
⇧ in ihren Dramen
⇧ zuweilen auch ganz unschuldige Personen im Drama um's Leben zu bringen. Ihre Grausamkeit in
diesem Punkte grasser u. fataler, als bei den ‒ Talenten. ⇧ Aber endlich auch die „Kreuzigung“ der Genies, wie sie so gerne die Welt körperlich
oder geistig an ihnen vollzieht, gehört weiter jene [illeg. word] Mittel, ohne welche seinen sonst keine Theilnehmer zuk
omämen! (Christus, [?Bonner], Huss,
etc.)
⇧ Das
Echo dem Ohre, was dem Auge der Spiegel . . . . *
Iphigenie
opfert ihre Liebe zum Achill den höheren Zwecken des Vaterlandes: muß sie ihn
entbehren, weil er in den Krieg zieht, so widmet
sie, im Grunde nur ihm allein ewig treu bleibend, ihre Dienste fortander Göttin Diana.
So ist die Opferung Iphigenies zu verstehen. Tut denn aber, frage ich, ein Mädchen, das
den Geliebten durch Unglück oder Tod verloren, heute etwas anderes, als daß es
⇧ z.B:
⇧ in ein Kloster geht oder Krankenpflegerin wird? *
[SEVEN APHORISMS]
Ser. A, {11}b
⇧ So manchem Mädchen fehlt es sogar am
letzten Glück, nämlich dem Glück ‒ einer unglücklichen Liebe. *
Dr. Felix v. Kraus, Kammersänger ‒
eine männliche „Norne“. In Haltung u. Tonfall dasselbe Schwarz, monotonstes
Schicksalsschwarz.
2
* Ein Lieblingswort der meisten Menschen: das
Bedürfnis nach „Ergänzung“ . . . Das Wort, welche Ironie im Munde gerade derjenigen, die
zum geforderten „Ganzen“ selbst nichts, durchaus nichts mehr als blos den Wunsch
beitragen können, die somit vom Anderen statt der zweiten Hälfte eben das „Ganze“ voll
verlangen! So sind denn aber die meisten Menschen, zumal Frauen beschaffen, ‒ mit
einiger Selbstbeschmeichlung fordern sie angeblich nur Ergänzung, im Grunde aber den
zweiten Menschen „ganz“. Auf Kosten Anderer, welch bequeme Denkungsart, welch billige
Lebensführung! — * Wenn ein Mensch darauf ausgeht, die Zeit
„totzuschlagen“, ‒ so schlage man doch lieber gleich den Menschen selbst tot, ‒ auf
diese Weise wird er dann des Zeitüberflusses wohl aufs gründlichste enthoben! * Patina des Greisenalters. ‒ Patina des
Ruhmes. * Der Schwache wird stark, sobald der Starke
schwach wird. * Leidenschaft zog die Sturmglocke im Körper . .
. *
[SIX ESSAYS ON IBSEN]
Ser. A, {11}c
Ibsen. Ibsen. Ibsen stellt auch auf der Bühne die Menschen genau
so räthselvoll hin, wie sie räthselvoll einander auch im Leben vorkommen. Er selbst
schaltet aus, u. tut gar nichts dazu, seine Idee, seine Personen zu erklären; vielmehr
nur die Syntese des Kunstwerkes spricht seine Tendenz aus. (Also
anders als die ältere Technik des Dramas.) Daher hat der Zuhörer auch vor den Menschen
in seinen Stücken genau die Mühe des Erratens, wie im
gewöhnlichem [recte
gewöhnlichen]
Leben, u. nur vortreffliche Menschenkenner, also wieder nur Dichter,
vermögen das Wesen jener klar zu sehen. Oft genug geht Ibsen in seiner Manier so weit,
gar sich selbst als unorientiert gegenüber den eigenen Gebilden zu zeigen. Er gesteht
sozusagen es selbst nicht zu wissen, ob z.B. in den „Gespenstern“
der Pastor mit einer Schuld beladen, ob in der „Nora“ die Heldin zurückkehren wird oder
nicht u. dgl. Kein Wunder daher, daß seinen Schöpfungen gegenüber so viel
Misverständnisse aufkommen. [draft in
Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 4, heavily self-edited]
*
Ibsen. Auf
so manches Menschen Seele ruht des Betruges Schicht so dünn, daß sie vom gewöhnlichen
Auge nicht einmal wahrgenommen wird. Insbesondere liebt es Ibsen so dünne
Betrugsschichten darzustellen. . . . . [draft
in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.5]
*
Ibsen.
Stellen die Dichter vor Ibsen, selbst die größten gleichsam die Minutenzeiger der
menschlichen Seele, so stellt Ibsen bereits den Sekundenzeiger vor. [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B,
p.5]
* Ibsens Gebundenheit in der
Form klassisch, ähnlich der Haltung einer
Fuge . . . Seine dramatische Grausamkeit u. Unerbittlichkeit
teilt er mit den größten Genies der dramatischen Kunst, wie mit dem Schicksal überhaupt!
[draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B,
p.5]
*
Ser. B, {5}
[in left
margin:]
⇧ √ ⇧ So rechtfertigen die
Tiefe der Betrachtung, wie der Ausführung, Ibsen’s
Werke auch vor der Poesie, mag der Stoff nun sein, wi
lle er will.
3
*
Ser. A, {11}f
⇧
Ibsen. Nicht gerne glaubt
der Mensch an den endlichen Sieg des „Guten“, da er doch überall vielmehr den Triumph
des „Bösen“ zu erleben behauptet. Wie sich aber in der Folge die Natur ‒ im einzelnen
Menschen oder innerhalb der Societät ‒ zum Guten selbst zurückcorrigie
rt
ren
wird u. muß, wobei unter „gut“ auch der Untergang des Bösen begriffen wird,
vermag der gewöhnliche Mensch nicht vorauszusehen, zumal hiezu oft Jahrzehnte u.
Jahrhunderte vonnöten. * Den notwendigen Zusammenbruch des Bösen
schildert am eindringlichsten Ibsen, in seiner Art der Erste in der Gesamtgeschichte der
Menschheit. Noch ist z.B. bei Shakespeare, Goethe,
Schiller etc. alle Bestrafung des
Ueblen, der Triumph des Guten nur eine Art decorativer Moral, enthaltend zwar die
divinatorische Voraussehung der spätesten Zukunft, leider aber das Publikum, das jene
Divination nicht besitzt u. nicht teilt, durchaus nicht überzeugend; eine condensirte u.
in kürzester Formel am Ende des Werkes extraktmäßig gebrachte Pointe der Zukunft, wird
dort, d.h. in ihrem Werk selbst leider nicht immer genügend vorbereitet; die Moral des
Guten erscheint dort daher oft nur als eine Art gedanklicher deus ex machina ‒ eine Phrase. * Anders wie gesagt, zum erstenmal anders in der
Geschichte der Literaturen bei Ibsen, der es unternimmt, zu zeigen, wie das Böse unter
allen Umständen doch endlich erliegen, endlich verschwinden muß, u.zw. trotz dem Schein
einer überlegenen Lebenskraft, die nur trügerisch, als nicht
lebensfähig. Erliegt aber das „Böse“ für alle Augen
erst sichtbar wie gesagt erst nach langem
Verlauf, mochte es die Welt mit falschem
Glanz wohl erobert u. irregeführt haben, ‒ so mußte Ibsen, um den Untergang
dramatisch-technisch zu bewältigen, den Beginn seiner Dramen durchaus nur eben an das
Ende des Untergangsprozesses selbst Ser. A, {11}g verlegen. Daher die Eigenart seiner Dramentechnik, die gerade das Stück
dort einsetzt, wo sonst andere Dramatiker damit aufhören: der scheinbare Triumph des
Bösen wird blos erzählend nachgeholt, wodurch Jahre u. Jahrzehnte erspart werden, u. nur
die Agonie des Bösen allein wird vor die Augen geführt. * Welch tiefe Moral! Welcher Glaube an das Gute!
an eine αναγκη im Guten! Welche Menschenliebe,
welche Wünsche für der Menschen Wohlfahrt! Fast zudringlich. * Ironie: gerade Ibsen aber nennt man einen
Menschenfeind, schilt ihn krank-realistisch, abstossend, einen Weiberfeind
u.s.w.!! *
© Transcription Ian Bent, 2017
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[None of the following 24 items is dated even
by year (let alone day or month); hence the date assigned to them above is arbitrary.
Moreover, for none of them has it been possible to supply an editorial dating on the
basis of internal evidence. They have been placed here solely on the grounds that in
the Series A source they follow entries dated "1899," and specifically directly on
from an entry editorially datable to c.May 18, 1899. It is quite possible that some
of these entries were written in other years, notably 1900 and 1901 for which no
diary is known to exist.
The 24 items have been presented here in
strict manuscript order, and subdivided into four groups with editorial titles on the
basis of their content and of their layout in the source. One item not copied by
Jeanette Kornfeld (Schenker) but checkmarked by Heinrich Schenker for copying has
been included from Series B.]
Ser. A, {8}e cont'd
[NINE APHORISMS]
The proud statement in the Koran: "In this book no doubt
exists." ‒ How much more unconditionally is this true of the work of art than of belief!
[draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.
3]
* Alibi of the spirit ... [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 3]
*
The Poet
Napoleon, in tearing up an epic poem by
his brother: "If a poet was born in our family, then it was myself." Did the
would-be-poet understand the poet? [draft in
Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 3]
*
Ser. A, {8}f
Ultimatum of necessity. [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 3]
*
Bruckner:
all ideas in ‒ isolation cells.
1
[draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.
3]
*
Victor
Hugo: His pictures are already veritable adventures ... [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.
3]
* In the firmament of ideas ... [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 3]
* Even the brain needs to clear itself out from time to time.
[draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p.
3]
* Thought-blots! [draft
in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 3: "One can speak even of
'thought-blots'."]
*
[TWO ESSAYS ON DEATH AND DRAMA]
Ser. A, {11}a
Death in Dramatic
Works
Theater audiences are as a rule passive and uninvolved,
incapable of understanding the vagaries of fate in the lives of the heroes of the drama
(just as little as in their own lives). Death ‒ the most powerful agent of fate in
regard to mankind. Death, and death alone, one thinks of as a personal foe; toward death
alone does one feel anger. Consequently, death alone has the power, even in the theater,
to shake people out of their animalistic lack of involvement.
Only once they are shaken by the fearful
experience of death do audiences see themselves compelled to explore retrospectively the
fate of the dramatic hero who has just encountered death. Now for the first time
at the conclusion of the play do they
begin to ask: Who was he? Was he really guilty? Did he have to suffer that cruel death?
etc.
Therefore even the greatest geniuses of drama do not shrink from occasionally killing off
⇧ in their dramatic
works
⇧ even characters that are entirely innocent. Their cruelty in
this matter is more shocking and more fatal than with ‒ mere talents. ⇧ However, ultimately the "crucifixion" of geniuses, as the world so
willingly inflicts it upon them, physically or mentally, is among those [note in
margin] illeg. word means without which his otherwise no participants would come forward (Christ, [?Bonner], Hus, etc.)
⇧ The echo is to the ear
what the mirror is to the eye ... . *
Iphigenia sacrifices her
love for Achilles to the higher goals of the fatherland; if she must forego him because
he is going to war, she dedicates her service henceforth, while in fact remaining
eternally faithful to him, to the goddess Diana. Thus is Iphigenia's sacrifice to be
understood. Does a girl today, then, ‒ I would ask ‒ who has lost her loved one through
misfortune or death do anything other than
⇧ for example
⇧ enter a nunnery or become a nurse? *
[SEVEN APHORISMS]
Ser. A, {11}b
⇧ So many a girl is deprived even of the
ultimate happines, namely the good fortune of an unhappy love. *
Dr. Felix von
Kraus, chamber singer ‒ a manly "Norn". Bearing and vocal quality alike
black ‒ the most monotone blackness of fate.
2
* A favorite word of most people: the necessity for "completion"
... This word, ‒ what an irony it is particularly in the mouths of those who have
themselves nothing to contribute, nothing whatsoever to contribute to the insisted-upon
"whole" other than the mere wish [for it],
and who consequently crave from others not just the second half but the complete
"whole"! But then that is how most people, especially women, are constituted: with much
self-conceit they insist upon what they call completion, but [which is] at heart the second human "whole." At the
expense of others, what comfortable convictions, what a tawdry way of conducting one's
life! — * If a person sets out with the aim of "killing" time, it would
really be better if one were striking the person himself dead. In this way, he will be
spared the overabundance of time in the most comprehensive way! * Patina of old age. ‒ Patina of fame. * The weak man will become strong as soon as the strong man
becomes weak. * Passion pulled the alarm bell within the body. ... *
[SIX ESSAYS ON IBSEN]
Ser. A, {11}c
Ibsen. Even on the stage, Ibsen presents people just as
cryptically as they present themselves to one another in real life. He himself remains
silent; and he does nothing at all to explain his idea, his characters. Rather, the only
thing that conveys his inclinations is the synthesis of his
artwork. (Hence [this is] something
different from the older dramatic technique.) Accordingly, the audience member, faced
with the characters in his plays, has to go to precisely the trouble of fathoming out as
he does in everyday life; and only excellent judges of human nature ‒ thus again writers
‒ are able to see clearly the true nature of those [characters]. Ibsen quite often assumes an air of himself being wholly
uninformed about his own creations. He confesses, so to speak, not to know whether, for
instance, in Ghosts, the pastor is laden with guilt or,
[in A Doll's
House], the heroine (Nora) will or will not return, and so
on. No wonder, then, that so many misunderstsandings arise regarding his creative works.
[draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 4,
heavily self-edited]
*
Ibsen. Over the minds of so
many people, the tissue of deception lies so thinly that it is never even noticed by
conventional eyes. In particular, Ibsen likes to present layers of deception that are so
thin ... . [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B,
p. 5]
*
Ibsen. If playwrights before
Ibsen ‒ even the greatest of them ‒ depict the minute-hand of the human soul, so to
speak, then Ibsen already depicts its second-hand. [draft in Heinrich's hand in Ser. B, p. 5]
* Ibsen's adherence to form is classical,
rather like the procedure of a fugue. ... He has in common with the
greatest geniuses of dramatic art, indeed with Fate in general, his dramatic cruelty and
implacability! [draft in Heinrich's hand in
Ser. B, p. 5]
*
Ser. B, {5}
[in left
margin:]
⇧ √ ⇧ The depth of reflection
and the way in which it is achieved, vindicate Ibsen's works even over poetry, whatever
may be the subject that he chooses.
3
*
Ser. A, {11}f
⇧
Ibsen. Man does not
willingly believe in the ultimate victory of "good"; rather, he claims everywhere to
experience the triumph of "evil." But the ordinary person is incapable of foreseeing how
in the fullness of time, even if it often takes decades or centuries to happen, Nature ‒
in the individual or within society as a whole ‒ will and must correct herself for the
better, such that under "good" will also be understood the downfall of evil. * It is Ibsen who, in his own way, is the first in the entire
history of mankind to depict with full force the necessary collapse of evil. In for
example Shakespeare, Goethe, Schiller, etc., all punishment of evil and triumph of
good still only constitutes a form of decorative morality, involving moreover the
divinatory foreseeing of the far-distant future. But unfortunately this is thoroughly
unconvincing to the public, which neither possesses nor believes in that divination. A
condensed, quotation-like summary of the future, expressed in the shortest form of words
at the very end of the work, is present ‒ i.e. in their work ‒ sadly just never
adequately prepared; the moral of the good appears there, as a result, often only as a
sort of intellectual deus ex
machina ‒ mere words. * With Ibsen, as already said, things were different, different
for the first time in the history of literatures. It was he who undertook to show how
evil must under all circumstances ultimately be overcome, must ultimately be eliminated,
even despite the appearance of a superior life force, which is merely deceptive, as
not
capable of life. But if "evil" is overcome for all
eyes to see ‒ as has been said ‒ only after a long passage of time, it might well have
conquered and deceived the world with false
allure ‒ then Ibsen, in order to manage the downfall dramatically and technically, had
to defer the beginnings of his plays entirely to the late stages of that downfall.
Ser. A, {11}g Accordingly, that which is
unique to his dramatic technique is that he sets the play in motion precisely where in
other cases other playwrights end [theirs];
the seeming triumph of evil is simply narratively viewed in retrospect, by which means
years and decades are saved and only the agony of evil alone is brought before our
eyes. * What profound morality! What belief in good! in an
ananke
(moral necessity) in the good! What human love, what desire for human well-being! Almost
importunate. * The irony is: it is precisely Ibsen, however, whom people call
an enemy of mankind, portraying him as morbidly realistic, repulsive, misogynistic,
etc!! *
© Translation Ian Bent, 2017
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Footnotes
1 "Isolierzelle": as in a prison (penal cell, solitary
confinement), or in a medical environment either to protect a patient from infection
or to prevent the patient from infecting others. Schenker is using the term as a
metaphor for the separation of each musical idea from the others in a work. He might
also be implying not only that Bruckner's musical ideas are separate from one another
(as to their beginnings and endings) but also that their contents do not "infect" one
another. — Cf. from Schenker's essay "Anton Bruckner"
in Die Zukunft, 5 (1893): "Seine Symphoniesätze –
mit Ausnahme des Scherzo – sind Gebäude mit grandiosen Isolirzellen, von denen
durchaus jede dem Meister alle Ehre macht, nur fühlt man deutlich, daß man eben von
einer Isolirzelle zur andern wandert." ("His symphonic movements, with the exception
of the scherzos, are buildings with magnificent isolation chambers, each and every
one of which confer all honor upon the master; it is only that one clearly feels that
one is moving from one isolation chamber to the next.")
(Hellmut Federhofer, ed., Heinrich Schenker als Essayist und Kritiker ...
(Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1990), pp. 60‒61).
2
Schenker had previously commented on his singing when reviewing a performance of
Bach's Christmas Oratorio in Die
Zeit for December 21, 1895, pp. 186‒87: "Of the performers, Baroness
Eleonore Bach, Miss Edith Walker, Mr. Franz Naval from Berlin, and Dr. Felix Kraus,
it is the last-mentioned who seemed to stand out as the most significant. He has
often been guilty of exaggerated expression, but the right expression suited the
recitative and the arias that he performed quite excellently. It should be said in
passing that the right style of Dr. F. Kraus was at the same time the style in which
the whole of the Christmas Oratorio ought to have been rendered"; see
Hellmut Federhofer, ed., Heinrich Schenker als Essayist und Kritiker ...
(Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1990), p. 303.
3 Schenker marked this item for copying by Jeanette, but for some reason she did not
comply. It has therefore been "retrieved" here.
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